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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Sex-related differences in foot shape.

I Krauss¹, S Grau, M Mauch

¹Department of Sports Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Germany. inga.krauss@med.uni-tuebingen.de

|October 23, 2008

Summary

Male feet are wider and higher than female feet in specific lengths, but overall foot shape differences are minimal. Shoe design should consider sex-specific measurements and diverse foot types for optimal fit and comfort.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

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Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

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Published on: September 14, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Anthropometry
Podiatry

Background:

Foot morphology varies significantly across individuals.
Proper footwear is crucial for preventing foot pain and deformities.
Understanding sex-related differences in foot dimensions is essential for effective shoe design.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex-related differences in foot morphology.
To provide data for improved shoe design and manufacturing.
To enhance understanding of foot anthropometry in relation to sex.

Main Methods:

3D foot scanning of 847 subjects.
Analysis of absolute foot measures within specific foot lengths (250-270 mm).
Analysis of averaged foot measures (% foot length) across all sizes and cluster analysis for foot type classification.

Main Results:

Male feet were found to be wider and higher than female feet within the 250-270 mm foot length range (mean differences 1.3-5.9 mm).
No significant sex-related differences were observed in averaged foot measures across all sizes (mean differences 0.3-0.6% FL).
Foot types were classified as voluminous, flat-pointed, and slender, with length-dependent and sex-related allometric differences observed.

Conclusions:

Foot measures for shoe design should be sex-specific and size-specific.
Considering diverse foot types (voluminous, flat-pointed, slender) is vital for accommodating variations in foot shape.
Accurate knowledge of sex-related foot morphology aids in achieving proper shoe fit for both men and women.