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Development of a marker assisted selection program for cacao.

R J Schnell, D N Kuhn, J S Brown

    Phytopathology
    |October 24, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cacao crops are threatened by fungal diseases like witches' broom (WB) and frosty pod (FP). A marker-assisted selection (MAS) program identified genetic markers for disease resistance, aiding in developing resilient cacao varieties.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plant Pathology
    • Agricultural Science
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Cacao production in tropical America faces significant losses from fungal diseases: witches' broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa), frosty pod (M. roreri), and black pod (Phytophthora spp.).
    • These diseases caused over $700 million in losses in 2001, impacting global cacao supply chains.
    • While West Africa and South Asia are not yet affected by witches' broom and frosty pod, their cacao varieties are susceptible.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop new cacao cultivars resistant to major fungal diseases.
    • To implement a marker-assisted selection (MAS) program for identifying disease resistance.
    • To confirm the utility of identified genetic markers in breeding programs.

    Main Methods:

    • Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to witches' broom, frosty pod, and black pod.
    • Development and application of a marker-assisted selection (MAS) program.
    • Validation of marker effectiveness in an experimental F(1) family in Ecuador.

    Main Results:

    • Quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to witches' broom, frosty pod, and black pod were successfully identified.
    • The identified markers demonstrated potential for selecting disease-resistant cacao individuals.
    • Experimental validation in an F(1) family confirmed the usefulness of these markers.

    Conclusions:

    • Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a viable strategy for developing disease-resistant cacao cultivars.
    • The identified genetic markers provide a valuable tool for accelerating breeding programs against major cacao pathogens.
    • This research contributes to safeguarding cacao production against devastating fungal diseases.