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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
Phylogenetic Species Concept in Microbiology01:22

Phylogenetic Species Concept in Microbiology

The phylogenetic species concept (PSC) is a framework used to delineate species based on evolutionary relationships, emphasizing shared ancestry and diagnosable genetic traits. Unlike morphological or biological species concepts, the PSC is particularly advantageous for microbial taxonomy, where traditional reproductive or phenotypic criteria often fall short due to the prevalence of asexual reproduction, minimal morphological differentiation, and widespread horizontal gene transfer among...
Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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CALEDONIAN SCOTS PINE: ORIGINS AND GENETIC STRUCTURE.

The New phytologist·2021
Same author

Origin and distribution of cr2, a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of Western white pine.

Phytopathology·2008
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White pine blister rust in north america: past and prognosis.

Phytopathology·2008
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Virulence gene distribution and dynamics of the white pine blister rust pathogen in Western north america.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions
11:42

Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions

Published on: September 30, 2016

Genetic specificity in the white pine-blister rust pathosystem.

Bohun B Kinloch, Gayle E Dupper

    Phytopathology
    |October 24, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    White pine species show resistance to blister rust via hypersensitive reactions (HR). Genetic analysis reveals single dominant alleles for resistance in several western North American pines, suggesting retained genetic memory.

    Area of Science:

    • Plant pathology
    • Forest genetics
    • Ecology

    Background:

    • White pine blister rust is a significant threat to western North American white pines.
    • Understanding genetic resistance mechanisms is crucial for conservation efforts.
    • Previous studies identified resistance genes in sugar pine and western white pine.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To survey eight white pine species for resistance to white pine blister rust.
    • To investigate the genetic basis of hypersensitive reactions (HR) in resistant species.
    • To explore potential gene-for-gene interactions between white pines and blister rust.

    Main Methods:

    • Artificial inoculation of eight white pine species with white pine blister rust.
    • Observation and quantification of hypersensitive reactions (HR).

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  • Mendelian segregation analysis to identify resistance alleles.

    • Main Results:

    • Four of eight species exhibited HR at varying frequencies.
    • Southwestern white pine showed a single dominant resistance allele (Cr3), similar to sugar pine (Cr1) and western white pine (Cr2).
    • Differential reactions to specific inocula suggest complex gene-for-gene interactions and retained genetic memory.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic resistance to white pine blister rust is present in multiple western North American white pine species.
    • A single dominant allele confers resistance in southwestern white pine, analogous to previously identified alleles.
    • The findings suggest an ancient genetic memory of blister rust interactions within this pathosystem.