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Related Concept Videos

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the system's...
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

Excitation Control: Balancing PSD-95 Function at the Synapse.

Dove Keith1, Alaa El-Husseini

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and the Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
|October 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) is a crucial scaffolding molecule that regulates synaptic strength and neuronal excitation. This review explores how PSD-95 targets synapses and influences protein clustering, impacting brain function and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
PSD-95adhesion moleculeexcitationglutamatehomeostasisinhibitionplasticityscaffold molecule

More Related Videos

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Neuronal excitability is fundamental to brain circuit function.
  • Synaptic strength, morphology, and number are regulated by specific molecules.
  • Neurotransmitter receptor and signaling molecule levels at synapses influence excitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms controlling the targeting of PSD-95 to synapses.
  • To discuss PSD-95's role in synaptic protein clustering and retention.
  • To explore PSD-95's influence on synaptic structure, strength, and the excitation-inhibition balance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PSD-95 and synaptic function.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms governing PSD-95 localization.
  • Examination of PSD-95's impact on synaptic protein organization.

Main Results:

  • PSD-95 is a key scaffolding protein at glutamatergic synapses.
  • PSD-95 modulates the clustering of numerous postsynaptic proteins, including receptors, channels, and signaling molecules.
  • Targeting and clustering functions of PSD-95 are critical for synaptic structure and strength.

Conclusions:

  • PSD-95 plays a vital role in regulating synaptic protein organization and function.
  • Dysregulation of PSD-95 may contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders by altering brain excitation-inhibition balance.
  • Understanding PSD-95 mechanisms offers insights into synaptic plasticity and neurological disease.