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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Problem-Solving01:29

Problem-Solving

Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis01:24

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis

The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data from the...
Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving01:13

Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving

The principle of virtual work is an essential concept in the field of mechanics and engineering. This is used to solve problems related to the equilibrium of a structure or system. It is based on the assumption that if a system is in equilibrium, the work done by all the forces during a virtual displacement is zero. This principle is applied by considering virtual displacements of the system and the corresponding work done by internal and external forces.
To apply the principle of virtual work,...
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving

In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the designer...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

Problem-based learning: where are we now?

David Taylor1, Barbara Miflin

  • 1School of Medical Education, University of Liverpool, UK. dcmt@liv.ac.uk

Medical Teacher
|October 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Problem-based learning (PBL) remains ill-defined, causing confusion in educational practice and research. This guide clarifies PBL

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Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Educational Theory
  • Pedagogical Innovation

Background:

  • Problem-based learning (PBL) has been an educational concept for over 40 years.
  • Despite its long history, a clear definition and practical guide for PBL remain elusive.
  • PBL has gained widespread adoption across various educational levels and disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and critique diverse interpretations and practices labeled as PBL.
  • To provide insight into the confusion surrounding PBL's definition and application.
  • To propose a way forward for realizing PBL's potential or valuing associated principles.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of various PBL interpretations and practices.
  • Comparison against the original concept and implementation of PBL.
  • Exploration of dissemination challenges and their impact on understanding.

Main Results:

  • Widespread dissemination has led to confusion in PBL understanding and practice.
  • Difficulties exist in evaluating PBL's efficacy due to inconsistent application.
  • Lack of clear guidance hinders adoption by educators.

Conclusions:

  • The ambiguity of PBL hinders its effective implementation and evaluation.
  • A clearer understanding is needed to harness PBL's full potential.
  • Distinguishing core PBL principles from associated practices is essential for educational advancement.