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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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Professor J.M.H. Dibbets: The career of an orthodontic intellectual.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Cephalometric superimpositions.

Yan Gu1, James A McNamara

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081 China.

The Angle Orthodontist
|October 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superimposing serial headfilms on anatomical landmarks can lead to inaccurate assessments of bone growth and tooth movement. Using metallic implants for superimposition provides more reliable data for orthodontic analysis.

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Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
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Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

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Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Cephalometric analysis
  • Craniofacial growth

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of craniofacial growth and tooth movement is crucial in orthodontics.
  • Traditional cephalometric analysis relies on superimposing serial headfilms on anatomical landmarks.
  • The reliability of these methods can be compromised by inherent biological variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of superimposition methods on anatomical structures versus metallic implants.
  • To evaluate the impact of different superimposition protocols on assessing maxillary and mandibular growth and remodeling.
  • To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the information produced by superimposition of serial lateral headfilms on anatomical structures and that produced by superimposition on metallic implants.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of serial cephalograms from 10 untreated subjects with tantalum implants.
  • Superimposition using American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) protocols and inferior border of the mandible.
  • Superimposition on stable intraosseous implants to determine actual growth and remodeling patterns.

Main Results:

  • The ABO maxillary superimposition method inaccurately estimates vertical displacement and forward movement.
  • Superimposition on mandibular symphysis and inferior alveolar nerve canals approximates implant-based results.
  • Superimposition on the lower border of the mandible does not accurately reflect mandibular growth and remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Using convenient but biologically incorrect superimposition protocols on serial headfilms can yield erroneous data on bone growth and remodeling.
  • The choice of superimposition method significantly distorts measurements of tooth movements.
  • Intraosseous implants offer a more reliable reference for accurate cephalometric analysis.