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Kidney disease in patients with HIV infection and AIDS

Jonathan Winston1, Gilbert Deray, Trevor Hawkins

  • 1Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|October 25, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Kidney disease is a growing concern for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy. Early detection and aggressive management of risk factors like hypertension and diabetes are crucial for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy has increased longevity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.
  • Kidney diseases are now a major cause of illness and death in this population.
  • Risk factors include older age, black race, hypertension, diabetes, low CD4(+) count, and high viral load.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of kidney disease in HIV-infected patients.
  • To highlight risk factors and diagnostic strategies.
  • To discuss the role of antiretroviral therapy in kidney disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical trials and observational studies.
  • Analysis of risk factors for kidney disease in HIV patients.
  • Discussion of diagnostic markers like glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance.

Main Results:

  • Key risk factors for kidney disease in HIV patients identified.
  • Antiretroviral regimens, including tenofovir, are being studied for kidney impact.
  • Incidence of kidney disease related to tenofovir is low in current studies.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and aggressive management of hypertension and diabetes are essential.
  • Continued research into race-specific kidney disease risks and early detection strategies is needed.
  • Optimizing antiretroviral therapy and monitoring kidney function can reduce morbidity and mortality.

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