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PinQ: a valid, reliable and reproducible quality-of-life measure in children with bladder dysfunction
W F Bower1, F K Y Sit, N Bluyssen
1Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. wendyb@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
Insights
The Paediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ) demonstrates good test-retest reliability in children aged 6+ with bladder dysfunction. Parents accurately assess their child's well-being, though children's self-worth perception differs.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Quality of Life Assessment
- Child Psychology
Background:
- The Paediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ) is a new tool for assessing quality of life in children with bladder issues.
- Evaluating the reliability and parent-proxy agreement of this tool is crucial for its clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the test-retest reliability of the PinQ in children with bladder dysfunction.
- To compare child-reported scores with parent-completed proxy versions of the PinQ.
Main Methods:
- The PinQ was translated into Chinese and Dutch and administered to 40 children (aged 6-15) twice over 14 days.
- Parents also completed a proxy version during the initial visit.
- Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to analyze score reproducibility.
Main Results:
- The PinQ demonstrated good test-retest reliability, with one item removed due to poor reproducibility.
- Child and parent proxy scores showed minimal variation overall.
- However, children's perception of parental concern and impact on self-worth differed significantly from parent reports.
Conclusions:
- The PinQ is a reliable tool for assessing quality of life in children aged 6 and above with bladder dysfunction.
- Parent proxy reports generally align with children's well-being.
- A refined 20-item PinQ will be used clinically for treatment outcome and diagnostic sensitivity testing.
Objective:
Recently, a cross-cultural continence-specific paediatric quality-of-life measurement tool (PinQ) has been developed and tested psychometrically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the test re-test reliability of this new tool in a cohort of children with bladder dysfunction in order to evaluate the reproducibility of scores. A secondary aim was to compare the parent-completed proxy version with child-reported scores.
Methods:
PinQ was translated and back-translated from English into Chinese and Dutch and scrutinized for cultural and linguistic appropriateness or ambiguity. Forty children aged 6-15 years from both countries were asked to self-complete the measure at first consultation and then again 14 days later. No new treatment was implemented between data collection points. On the initial visit, parents also completed a proxy version of PinQ. Intraclass correlations (one-way random effects model) were used to analyze the data.
Results:
The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for comparison between items and factors showed little variability in scoring. One item was not reproducible and was removed from the tool. Overall proxy scores varied little from the child-reported scores. However, the impact on the child of his/her parent's concern about the bladder problem was poorly perceived (ICC=0.18) as was the impact on the child's sense of self-worth (0.17).
Conclusion:
PinQ has been shown to be reliable under test re-test conditions when completed by children from the age of 6 years. Proxy PinQ suggests that parents accurately evaluate the effect of bladder dysfunction on wellbeing in their children. A 20-item measurement tool will now be introduced clinically and subjected to sensitivity testing for treatment outcome and diagnostic grouping.
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