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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

A diagnostic algorithm for urachal anomalies.

Jenny H Yiee1, Nilda Garcia, Linda A Baker

  • 1Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1738, USA. jennyyiee@yahoo.com

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|October 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urachal anomalies, though rare, often present with periumbilical drainage. Ultrasound is the recommended initial diagnostic study when physical examination is insufficient for diagnosis.

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Published on: October 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Urology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Urachal anomalies are uncommon congenital conditions.
  • Their varied presentations pose diagnostic challenges.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common presentations of urachal anomalies.
  • To determine the most effective diagnostic studies.
  • To propose a diagnostic algorithm for urachal anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 37 patients (22 boys, 15 girls) with urachal anomalies (2000-2005).
  • Analysis of diagnostic modalities including ultrasound, CT, voiding cystourethrogram, and sinogram.
  • Literature review of four additional large series.

Main Results:

  • Periumbilical drainage (54%) was the most frequent presentation, followed by pain (30%) and mass (22%).
  • Ultrasound demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (82-100%) for various urachal anomalies.
  • Urachal cysts were most common, followed by sinuses and patent urachuses.

Conclusions:

  • Urachal cysts, sinuses, and patent urachuses are the most common anomalies.
  • Physical examination is often diagnostic; ultrasound is the preferred initial imaging study.
  • CT scans can be utilized if ultrasound is inconclusive.