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Welfare reform, time limits, and infant health
Jonathan Leonard1, Alexandre Mas
1University of California, Berkeley 94720 1900, United States.
Journal of Health Economics
|October 25, 2008
Summary
Welfare time limits, like those in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), worsened infant health outcomes. Increased infant mortality was observed when these time limits became binding for eligible mothers.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Economics
- Sociology
Background:
- Welfare reform policies, including time limits, have been implemented to encourage work and reduce dependency.
- The impact of these time limits on vulnerable populations, particularly infant health, requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between welfare time limits and infant health outcomes.
- To assess whether state-specific TANF time limit durations influenced infant mortality rates.
Main Methods:
- Utilized state-level variation in TANF time limit implementation dates.
- Analyzed infant mortality data in relation to the timing of time limits becoming binding.
Main Results:
- Significant increases in infant mortality were observed when TANF time limits became binding.
- The negative effects were concentrated among mothers most likely to be affected by time limits (e.g., less educated, unmarried).
- Evidence suggests a potential decrease in early prenatal care utilization among affected mothers.
Conclusions:
- Welfare time limits are associated with adverse infant health consequences.
- Reduced access to support and potential decreases in prenatal care may contribute to these negative outcomes.
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