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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

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Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

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Spontaneous epidural pneumocephalus.

Adam Tucker¹, Hiroji Miyake, Masao Tsuji

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, Nishinomiya Kyoritsu Neurosurgical Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan. tucker@nk-hospital.or.jp

Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica

|October 25, 2008

Summary

A rare case of spontaneous epidural pneumocephalus in a young male was successfully treated with surgery. This condition, linked to nose blowing and a bone defect, highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention.

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Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Radiology
Otolaryngology

Background:

Spontaneous epidural pneumocephalus is an exceedingly rare condition.
A 20-year-old male presented with a year of headache and nausea.

Observation:

Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed a large right temporo-occipital epidural pneumocephalus.
Extensive hyperpneumatization of the mastoid cells was noted.
The patient reported a habit of forceful nose blowing.

Findings:

Surgical intervention via right temporo-occipital craniotomy and vascularized flap repair successfully resolved the pneumocephalus.
The patient remained asymptomatic with radiographic resolution at 1-year follow-up.

Implications:

Early identification and management of symptomatic pneumocephalus are crucial.
Surgical decompression and closure of bone defects can prevent serious complications.
A congenital petrous bone defect combined with a ball-valve effect from nose blowing may be the underlying mechanism.