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Insulin and aging.

Andrzej Bartke¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9628, USA. abartke@siumed.edu

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

|October 25, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin signaling pathways significantly impact aging and longevity across species. Genetic modifications affecting insulin signaling in mice and studies in long-lived humans suggest its crucial role in aging processes.

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Area of Science:

Aging research
Molecular biology
Genetics

Background:

Insulin and IGF-1 signaling pathways regulate longevity in invertebrates.
These pathways are implicated in mammalian aging, but distinguishing roles of insulin, IGF-1, and GH is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of insulin signaling in mammalian aging and longevity.
To explore the relationship between insulin signaling, GH, and lifespan extension.

Main Methods:

Analysis of genetically modified mice with disrupted insulin signaling (e.g., adipose tissue insulin receptor knockout).
Examination of mice with deletions in insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, IRS2).
Study of growth hormone (GH) deficient or resistant mice.

Main Results:

Selective disruption of the insulin receptor in adipose tissue extended mouse longevity.
Deletion of IRS1 or IRS2 in mice also increased lifespan.
GH deficiency/resistance in mice resulted in hypoinsulinemia, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and extended longevity, mimicking calorie restriction.

Conclusions:

Insulin signaling pathways are critical regulators of aging and longevity in mammals.
Manipulating insulin signaling components offers potential strategies for lifespan extension.
Human studies on long-lived individuals support the role of insulin signaling in human aging.