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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
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Second-harmonic generation in GFP-like proteins.

Inge Asselberghs1, Cristina Flors, Lara Ferrighi

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D and F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) exhibit pH-dependent nonlinear optical properties. Dronpa

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Published on: September 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Biophysics
  • Protein engineering

Background:

  • Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) are widely used in biological imaging.
  • Their nonlinear optical properties are crucial for advanced imaging techniques.
  • Understanding these properties can lead to novel sensor applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the second-order nonlinear optical properties of Dronpa and EGFP.
  • To determine the influence of pH and wavelength on these properties.
  • To assess the potential of GFPs as nonlinear optical materials.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations of nonlinear polarizability.
  • Experimental measurements of second-order nonlinear optical properties.
  • Analysis of pH and wavelength dependence.

Main Results:

  • Dronpa shows a higher second-order nonlinear polarizability (beta) in its protonated state compared to its deprotonated, fluorescent state.
  • The beta value for protonated Dronpa is among the highest reported for proteins.
  • A significant wavelength dependence of beta was observed for Dronpa.

Conclusions:

  • The nonlinear optical properties of GFPs, particularly Dronpa, are strongly influenced by pH and wavelength.
  • These findings highlight the potential of Dronpa and similar proteins as advanced nonlinear optical materials.
  • Accurate characterization of first hyperpolarizability is vital for applications in nonlinear microscopy and sensing.