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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells
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Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells

Published on: March 5, 2019

Is hypertension an immunologic disease?

David G Harrison1, Tomasz J Guzik, Jorg Goronzy

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Room 319 WMRB, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dharr02@emory.edu

Current Cardiology Reports
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Summary

Adaptive immunity, specifically T cells, drives hypertension by promoting vasoconstriction and sodium retention. Targeting T-cell activation could offer new treatments for high blood pressure.

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Visualizing Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice: Techniques and Pitfalls
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Published on: January 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Emerging evidence links the adaptive immune system to hypertension development.
  • T cells are implicated in blood pressure elevation due to angiotensin II and fluid/volume challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of T cells in hypertension.
  • To understand how T cells contribute to hypertensive stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on T cell involvement in hypertension.
  • Analysis of T cell migration and cytokine release in hypertensive models.

Main Results:

  • Effector T cells infiltrate visceral and perivascular fat, releasing vasoconstrictive cytokines.
  • T cell accumulation in kidneys contributes to dysfunction and fluid retention.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation, mediated by T cells, is a key factor in hypertension.
  • Modulating T-cell activation presents a potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension.