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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Elements of episodic-like memory in animal models.

Jonathon D Crystal1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3013, USA. jcrystal@uga.edu

Behavioural Processes
|October 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored methods to assess episodic-like memory in animals, crucial for understanding human memory and diseases like Alzheimer's. Developing animal models offers insights into memory mechanisms and pathologies.

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Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Episodic memory involves recalling unique past events.
  • Episodic-like memory has been observed in various animal species.
  • Animal models are vital for understanding human memory and its disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing methods for assessing episodic-like memory in animals.
  • To highlight the potential of rodent models for memory research.
  • To explore applications in studying human memory pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Discrimination tasks in radial arm mazes (what, where, when).
  • Assessing recollection versus familiarity.
  • Object recognition and binding paradigms.
  • Utilizing unexpected questions and reproductive state anticipation.

Main Results:

  • Multiple diverse approaches exist to evaluate episodic-like memory in animals.
  • These methods offer converging evidence for memory assessment.
  • Rodent models provide a platform for mechanistic memory studies.

Conclusions:

  • Developing robust animal models of episodic memory is critical.
  • These models facilitate research into the neurobiology of memory.
  • Understanding animal episodic-like memory aids in studying human memory disorders.

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