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Related Experiment Videos

BCNU stability as a function of ethanol concentration and temperature.

P Tepe1, S J Hassenbusch, R Benoit

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.

Journal of Neuro-Oncology
|April 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Carmustine (BCNU) stability varies with temperature and diluent. While decomposition is accelerated at body temperature (37°C), BCNU remains stable in dextrose-water (D5W) and normal saline (NS) at room temperature.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Chemotherapy Drug Stability
  • Drug Formulation

Background:

  • Carmustine (BCNU) is frequently administered in low ethanol, dextrose-water (D5W), or normal saline (NS) solutions.
  • Clinical use involves intra-arterial and prolonged intravenous infusions, necessitating an understanding of BCNU stability under various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the initial recovery and decomposition rates of BCNU in ethanol, D5W, and NS at clinically relevant concentrations and temperatures.
  • To provide conclusive data on BCNU stability for optimizing chemotherapy administration.

Main Methods:

  • BCNU solutions were prepared in 15% ethanol, D5W, and NS.
  • Initial recovery rates were determined immediately after preparation.
  • Decomposition rates were assessed over 24 hours at 0°C, 19.5°C, and 37°C.

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  • Half-lives were calculated at 37°C.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial BCNU recovery rates were highest in D5W (95.6%), followed by 15% ethanol (89.6%) and NS (85.2%).
    • No significant BCNU decomposition was observed at 0°C or 19.5°C over 24 hours.
    • At 37°C, BCNU half-lives varied, with NS (7.3 hrs) and D5W (6.8 hrs) showing greater stability than ethanol solutions (e.g., 15% ethanol: 14.3 hrs).
    • Decomposition rates significantly increased with temperature for all diluents.

    Conclusions:

    • BCNU demonstrates good initial recovery in D5W, ethanol, and NS.
    • BCNU is stable at room temperature (19.5°C) in these diluents, with minimal decomposition over 24 hours.
    • While decomposition increases at body temperature (37°C), BCNU in D5W and NS exhibits acceptable stability for clinical use, especially when considering rapid dissolution times.