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Agents causing occupational asthma.

Jean-Luc Malo1, Moira Chan-Yeung

  • 1Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. malojl@meddir.umontreal.ca

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|October 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Workplace agents can cause occupational asthma, either immediately or after a latency period. This review details agents triggering asthma with or without latency, distinguishing immunologic mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Workplace exposures are a significant cause of asthma burden.
  • Occupational asthma, distinct from work-exacerbated asthma, is directly caused by workplace agents.
  • Two primary classifications of occupational asthma exist based on latency period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review agents causing occupational asthma.
  • To differentiate asthma causes based on latency periods and mechanisms.
  • To categorize agents by molecular weight and immunologic action.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of occupational asthma agents.
  • Classification of agents based on latency (with or without).
  • Categorization by molecular weight (high vs. low) and immunologic mechanism.

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Main Results:

  • Occupational asthma can be triggered by agents with or without a latency period.
  • Agents causing asthma with latency often act via immunologic mechanisms.
  • High-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight agents are discussed in relation to latency-induced asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding agent-specific latency and mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing occupational asthma.
  • Workplace agents are definitively causative for a subset of asthma cases.
  • Further research into specific agents and their immunologic pathways is warranted.