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Related Concept Videos

Vagina01:26

Vagina

The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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In Vitro Fertilization

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
08:49

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

Published on: June 6, 2020

Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

Mark B Landon1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Means Hall, Room 509, 395 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1228, USA. landon.1@osu.edu

Clinics in Perinatology
|October 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) is an option for many women, but carries risks like uterine rupture. Discussing individual risks and benefits is crucial for informed decisions.

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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
08:49

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Published on: June 6, 2020

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Published on: January 27, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) rates remain low in the US, despite many candidates.
  • A significant proportion of women with prior cesarean deliveries are candidates for a trial of labor (TOL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risks and benefits of trial of labor (TOL) for women with prior cesarean delivery.
  • To highlight the risks associated with vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of risks associated with VBAC and elective repeat cesarean.
  • Identification of risk factors for uterine rupture during TOL.

Main Results:

  • The primary risk of VBAC-TOL is uterine rupture, potentially causing perinatal death, hypoxic brain injury, or hysterectomy.
  • Risk factors for uterine rupture include multiple prior cesareans, prior vaginal delivery, short interdelivery interval, and uterine closure technique.

Conclusions:

  • Women with prior cesarean delivery face maternal and perinatal risks regardless of choosing TOL or elective repeat cesarean.
  • Individualized risk assessment for uterine rupture and VBAC success likelihood is essential.