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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

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Published on: September 7, 2017

Tissue specific differentially methylated regions (TDMR): Changes in DNA methylation during development.

Fei Song1, Saleh Mahmood, Srimoyee Ghosh

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.

Genomics
|October 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (TDMRs) in the mouse genome. Many TDMRs undergo dynamic methylation changes, including demethylation, during postnatal development, particularly in the testis.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation patterns are crucial for cellular differentiation and function.
  • Tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (TDMRs) play a role in cell identity.
  • Understanding TDMR dynamics during development is essential for comprehending epigenetic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and map TDMRs across the mouse genome.
  • To investigate the dynamic changes in DNA methylation during tissue development.
  • To characterize the genomic location and characteristics of TDMRs.

Main Methods:

  • Virtual Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning (vRLGS) for initial identification of TDMRs.
  • Sequenom MassARRAY quantitative methylation analysis for confirmation and fine-structure determination.
  • Genomic localization analysis of TDMRs.

Main Results:

  • TDMRs were identified and localized throughout the mouse genome, in both intragenic and intergenic regions.
  • A significant bias for TDMRs was observed in non-promoter intragenic regions.
  • Many TDMRs showed dynamic methylation changes, with a notable trend of demethylation during postnatal testis differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation is dynamic during development, involving both methylation and demethylation.
  • Epigenetic changes, including demethylation, can occur late in embryonic development or postnatally.
  • TDMRs are widespread and exhibit complex localization patterns, suggesting diverse regulatory roles.