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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Using mitral 'annulus reversus' to diagnose constrictive pericarditis.

Christina S Reuss1, Susan M Wilansky, Steven J Lester

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.

European Journal of Echocardiography : the Journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology
|October 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Constrictive pericarditis shows a reversed relationship between mitral lateral and medial early diastolic annular velocities (annulus reversus), distinguishing it from normal hearts and restrictive cardiomyopathy using tissue Doppler imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac Physiology

Background:

  • Constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy are diastolic dysfunction causes.
  • Differentiating these conditions is crucial for appropriate management.
  • Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) assesses diastolic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare mitral annular velocities between constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and normal subjects.
  • To identify TDI parameters differentiating these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • TDI measured peak systolic (S') and early diastolic (e') annular velocities at the medial and lateral mitral annulus.
  • Measurements were taken in 14 constrictive pericarditis, 10 restrictive cardiomyopathy, and 17 normal subjects.
  • Timing intervals between mitral inflow and annular motion were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Normal subjects had higher lateral than medial e' velocities.
  • Constrictive pericarditis demonstrated a reversal, with medial e' velocities higher than lateral e' (annulus reversus).
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy was distinguishable from constrictive pericarditis and controls by multiple TDI parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Reversal of medial and lateral e' velocities ('annulus reversus') is a key echocardiographic finding in constrictive pericarditis.
  • TDI, particularly the medial-lateral e' velocity relationship, aids in diagnosing constrictive pericarditis.