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Clinical and demographic evaluation of Behçet disease among different paediatric age groups
G K Sungur1, D Hazirolan, I Yalvac
1Ankara Education and Research Hospital, 1st Ophthalmology Department, Ankara 06660, Turkey.
Insights
Pediatric Behçet disease (BD) shows age-dependent ocular manifestations. Younger children (<10 years) often present with anterior uveitis and a family history, while older children experience panuveitis. Early family screening is crucial for diagnosis and managing BD complications.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Rheumatology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Behçet disease (BD) is a multisystemic inflammatory disorder.
- Understanding pediatric BD is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
- Ocular involvement is a significant manifestation of BD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the demographic and clinical features of Behçet disease in pediatric patients.
- To identify age-specific ocular and extraocular findings in pediatric BD.
- To investigate the role of gender and family history in the etiology of pediatric BD.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective study of 62 pediatric patients diagnosed with BD.
- Patients were categorized into three age groups: 0-10, 11-15, and 16-20 years.
- Analysis of ocular and extraocular clinical findings, complications, and demographic data.
Main Results:
- Gender did not significantly influence the etiology of BD.
- In patients aged 0-10 years, a family history of BD was more common, and bilateral anterior uveitis was the primary ocular finding.
- In patients aged 11-20 years, bilateral panuveitis with retinal vasculitis and retinitis were the most frequent ocular involvements.
- Glaucoma, maculopathy, and cataract formation were the predominant complications.
Conclusions:
- Age at presentation significantly impacts the type of ocular involvement in pediatric BD.
- Anterior uveitis is more common in younger children (<10 years), whereas panuveitis is more prevalent in older children (>10 years).
- A positive family history in younger children highlights the importance of family screening for early BD diagnosis and complication management.
Aim:
The aim of the study is to describe the demographic and clinical features of Behçet disease (BD) in paediatric patients.
Methods:
The study included 62 patients who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology at Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey and diagnosed as having BD. These patients were placed into three age groups based on the age at the time of BD presentation: group 1, birth to 10 years old; group 2, 11-15 years old; group 3, 16-20 years old. Among these three age groups, the objective was to identify the ocular and extraocular clinical findings and complications of BD, and to uncover the role of gender, if exists, in the aetiology of the disease.
Results:
The findings indicated that gender played no significant role in the aetiology of BD. In group 1, a family history of BD was more prevalent, and the most common ocular finding was bilateral anterior uveitis. The most frequent form of ocular involvement in groups 2 and 3 was bilateral panuveitis with retinal vasculitis and retinitis. The majority of disease complications were glaucoma, maculopathy and cataract formation.
Conclusion:
Patient age appeared to define the type of ocular involvement in BD. While anterior uveitis was the most frequent ocular finding in BD patients younger than 10 years, panuveitis was the most frequent in patients older than 10 years. As a family history of BD was more frequent among patients younger than 10 years, family screening for BD is considered critical for early and accurate diagnosis of BD, as well as for the control of its complications.
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