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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
Published on: July 11, 2015
Maintenance of serological memory
1Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. wrammert@microbio.emory.edu
Abstract:
Long-lived plasma cells are key to maintaining long-term humoral immunity after infection or vaccination. Some vaccines and/or infections induce antibody levels that remain stable for the life of the individual. However, the mechanism whereby these long-lived plasma cells are maintained over long periods of time remains an open question. Furthermore, given a finite number of sustainable plasma cells within the bone marrow, it is also unclear how space for newly induced plasma cells is generated without compromising the pre-existing repertoire. Here we review the current understanding of these important issues.
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