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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Two-Step Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Method with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Identification of Tattoo Ink Ingredients and Counterfeit Products

A Two-Step Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Method with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Identification of Tattoo Ink Ingredients and Counterfeit Products

Published on: May 22, 2019

A logical framework to ballpoint ink dating interpretation.

Céline Weyermann¹, Beatrice Schiffer, Pierre Margot

¹Institut de Police Scientifique, Lausanne University, Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. celine.weyermann@unil.ch

Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society

|October 29, 2008

Summary

Current ink dating methods lack the reliability needed for legal use. This study evaluates interpretation processes and highlights the need for better data to accurately date ballpoint ink for forensic applications.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Document Examination

Background:

The forensic field of questioned documents has long focused on ink dating.
Ink ageing is a complex process with ongoing scientific and legal debate regarding method feasibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the interpretation processes of ink dating evidence.
To assess the suitability of current ink dating methods for regulatory use in expert testimony.

Main Methods:

Review of earlier works and subjective statistical data.
Illustration of data requirements for ballpoint ink dating.

Main Results:

Identified the type of data necessary for dating ballpoint ink.
Demonstrated how such data can be utilized for ink dating.

Conclusions:

Current ink dating methods do not meet the reliability standards required for expert testimony.
Further development is needed to fulfill court and scientific requirements for regulatory use.