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Published on: July 12, 2012
Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans
Bastiaan T Heijmans1, Elmar W Tobi, Aryeh D Stein
1Departments of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, and Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. b.t.heijmans@lumc.nl
Early life famine exposure, like the Dutch Hunger Winter, can lead to lasting epigenetic changes. Specifically, prenatal famine exposure was linked to reduced DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene decades later in adults.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Epigenetics
- Human Health
Background:
- Epidemiologic studies link adverse early development to adult disease risk.
- Mechanisms remain unclear, but epigenetic dysregulation is a suspected factor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the long-term effects of prenatal famine exposure on epigenetic marks in humans.
- To test the hypothesis that early-life environment influences persistent epigenetic changes.
Main Methods:
- Studied individuals exposed prenatally to the Dutch Hunger Winter (1944-45).
- Compared DNA methylation of the imprinted IGF2 gene in exposed individuals and their unexposed, same-sex siblings.
- Analyzed data from individuals decades after the famine exposure.
Main Results:
- Individuals with prenatal famine exposure showed significantly less DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene compared to siblings.
- The observed association was specific to periconceptional exposure.
- These epigenetic alterations persisted for over six decades.
Conclusions:
- Early-life environmental conditions, such as prenatal famine, can induce lasting epigenetic modifications in humans.
- Periconceptional development is a critical window for establishing stable epigenetic marks.
- Provides empirical evidence supporting the role of epigenetics in mediating the developmental origins of adult disease.
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