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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development
09:25

Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development

Published on: March 24, 2011

The Apical Ectodermal Ridge: morphological aspects and signaling pathways.

Marian Fernandez-Teran1, Maria A Ros

  • 1Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.

The International Journal of Developmental Biology
|October 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) is crucial for limb development, controlling outgrowth and patterning. Recent research clarifies its regulatory networks, formation, and connection to dorso-ventral patterning for a comprehensive understanding.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) is a key signaling center in limb development.
  • It regulates limb outgrowth and proximo-distal axis patterning.
  • Recent advances have provided new insights into AER cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on AER regulatory networks.
  • To discuss the induction, maturation, and regression of the AER.
  • To explore the link between dorso-ventral patterning and AER formation/position.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent and established research.
  • Analysis of regulatory networks controlling AER development.
  • Integration of data on AER function and patterning.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of regulatory networks governing AER induction, maturation, and regression.
  • Elucidation of the connection between dorso-ventral patterning and AER establishment.
  • Comprehensive overview of AER cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides an integrated view of the AER, combining recent findings with existing knowledge.
  • Enhanced understanding of the AER's role in limb development is achieved.
  • This synthesis aids future research into limb formation and related disorders.