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Peritoneum

Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...

Tissue Membranes

Tissue Membranes

A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of the moveable joint cavities. There are two basic types of tissue membranes— connective tissue and epithelial membranes.
Connective Tissue Membranes
The connective tissue membrane is formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints. A synovial membrane is...

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four quadrants...

What are Membranes?

What are Membranes?

A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries markers that...

What are Membranes?

What are Membranes?

A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi...

What are Membranes?

What are Membranes?

A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries markers that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

[Anatomic-functional correlation of the peritoneal membrane].

G del Peso¹, J A Jiménez-Hefferman, M A Bajo

¹Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario La PazPaseo de la Castellana, 26128046 Madrid, España. gpeso.hulp@salud.madrid.org

Nefrologia : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia

|October 30, 2008

Summary

Ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is common, leading to increased solute transport and morphological changes like fibrosis. Early epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells contributes to these progressive alterations.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

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Modeling the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Dissemination in an Organotypic Culture of the Human Peritoneal Cavity

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Published on: December 31, 2015

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Histopathology
Peritoneal Dialysis

Context:

Ultrafiltration failure is a primary cause of treatment withdrawal in peritoneal dialysis (PD).
Progressive ultrafiltration failure and increased solute transport affect 20% of PD patients within 3-4 years.
PD patients exhibit peritoneal morphological alterations including fibrosis and vasculopathy.

Purpose:

To correlate morphofunctional changes in the peritoneum with ultrafiltration failure in PD patients.
To investigate the role of mesothelial cell transition in peritoneal alterations.

Summary:

Morphofunctional correlations in PD patients are understudied, especially in long-term cases.
Fibrosis and vasculopathy increase with PD duration, particularly in patients with ultrafiltration failure or sclerosing peritonitis.
Peritoneal vessel number does not consistently increase with PD duration and is linked to advanced ultrafiltration failure.

Impact:

Short-term studies suggest epithelial to mesenchymal transition is an initial lesion linked to high solute transport.
Transformed mesothelial cells secreting extracellular matrix and VEGF may drive fibrosis and high permeability.
These changes may occur independently of increased peritoneal vessel count, offering new insights into PD complications.