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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications
13:33

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Published on: November 19, 2013

BeadArray-based solutions for enabling the promise of pharmacogenomics.

Jian-Bing Fan1, Sean Hu, William Craumer

  • 1Illumina, San Diego, CA 92121 , USA.

Biotechniques
|October 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Personalized medicine, driven by pharmacogenomics (PGx), is shifting healthcare towards tailored treatments. Microarray technologies, including bead-based methods, are key to realizing PGx's potential for the right patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Bioinformatics
  • Translational Medicine
  • Healthcare Innovation

Background:

  • Current healthcare relies on a "one-size-fits-all" model.
  • Emerging technologies, data, and economic factors are driving a paradigm shift.
  • Convergence of interests among stakeholders (insurers, providers, patients) is anticipated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine healthcare trends and opportunities for pharmacogenomics (PGx) development.
  • To demonstrate the role of microarray technologies in enabling personalized medicine.
  • To highlight the transition towards individualized patient treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current healthcare trends and PGx development opportunities.
  • Demonstration of microarray technologies, specifically bead-based approaches.
  • Analysis of how these technologies facilitate personalized medicine.

Main Results:

  • Personalized medicine, utilizing pharmacogenomics, is poised to become the new healthcare standard.
  • Microarray technologies, including bead-based methods, are identified as crucial enablers.
  • These advancements support the goal of delivering the right treatment to the right individual at the right time.

Conclusions:

  • The healthcare landscape is inevitably moving towards personalized medicine.
  • Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is central to this transformation.
  • Microarray technologies are vital for the practical implementation of PGx and personalized healthcare.