Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of a Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay for BAFF and Its Preliminary Clinical Application in Patients with Lupus Nephritis.

Journal of fluorescence·2026
Same author

Effect of electroacupuncture on motor and sensory functions of lower limbs and GABA receptor in spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain.

The journal of spinal cord medicine·2026
Same author

Risk prediction of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> strains across Correa's cascade via intelligent analysis of genome-wide SNPs.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Ultra-Stable 2D Magneto-Fluorescent Probe-Mediated Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Precise Bedside Detection of Sepsis.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

SiO<sub>2</sub> shell-protected magnetic fluorescent tag for on-site ultrasensitive immunodetection of foodborne viruses.

Mikrochimica acta·2026
Same author

A CRISPR-Cas12a system integrated with metal-enhanced light-up aptamer-fluorophore nanoreporter for ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Two-photon-induced excited-state nonlinearities.

Bing Gu1, Yan Sun, Wei Ji

  • 1Department of Physics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China. gubing@njnu.edu.cn

Optics Express
|October 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how laser pulse duration affects nonlinear optical properties induced by two-photon absorption (2PA). Findings reveal key insights into excited-state nonlinearities for precise material characterization.

More Related Videos

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Two-photon absorption (2PA) is a nonlinear optical process crucial for applications like optical power limiting and 3D microfabrication.
  • Excited-state absorption (ESA) significantly influences the nonlinear optical response, especially with short laser pulses.
  • Understanding the interplay between pulse duration and ESA is vital for optimizing nonlinear optical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the dependence of excited-state nonlinearities on laser pulse duration in 2PA.
  • To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of transmitted pulses affected by 2PA-induced ESA.
  • To quantitatively determine effective fifth-order nonlinearities and develop advanced Z-scan theories.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of nonlinear optical phenomena.
  • Analysis of spatiotemporal pulse evolution under 2PA and ESA.
  • Development of Z-scan methodologies for parameter estimation.

Main Results:

  • The spatiotemporal characteristics of transmitted pulses are strongly dependent on laser pulse duration.
  • Effective fifth-order nonlinearities (absorption and refraction) were quantitatively determined by considering 2PA cross-section, excited-state properties, and pulse duration.
  • The developed theories enable accurate prediction of 2PA-induced excited-state nonlinearities.

Conclusions:

  • Laser pulse duration is a critical parameter influencing excited-state nonlinearities induced by 2PA.
  • The theoretical framework provides a means to predict nonlinear optical behavior on relevant timescales.
  • Novel Z-scan theories facilitate precise characterization of nonlinear optical coefficients and excited-state properties.