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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Towards a digital body: the virtual arm illusion.

Mel Slater1, Daniel Perez-Marcos, H Henrik Ehrsson

  • 1Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Barcelona, Spain. melslater@lsi.upc.edu

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Summary

Synchronous multisensory stimulation can create a virtual limb illusion, making a virtual arm feel like part of your own body. This finding advances virtual reality and our understanding of body ownership.

Keywords:
rubber hand illusionvirtual environmentvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Virtual Reality
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Applied neuroscience explores brain-computer integration for virtual body representation.
  • Creating a sense of embodiment for virtual limbs is crucial for immersive virtual experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if multisensory correlations can induce a sense of ownership over a virtual limb.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying the sense of body ownership in virtual environments.

Main Methods:

  • Participants received tactile stimulation on their real hand synchronized with visual stimulation of a virtual arm.
  • Questionnaires, proprioceptive drift, and electromyography (EMG) measured the illusion's extent and correlation with muscle activity.
  • A control group received asynchronous stimulation to assess the necessity of temporal correlation.

Main Results:

  • Synchronous stimulation induced a significant illusion of ownership over the virtual limb, evidenced by questionnaire responses and proprioceptive drift.
  • The virtual arm rotated after 5 minutes of synchronous stimulation.
  • The illusion's extent correlated with right arm muscle activity (EMG) in the synchronous condition, but not the asynchronous condition.

Conclusions:

  • Multisensory congruency is key to experiencing virtual objects, like limbs, as part of oneself.
  • This research opens possibilities for full virtual body embodiment in virtual reality and gaming.
  • The findings offer valuable insights into the brain mechanisms governing body ownership.