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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas
09:31

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Published on: June 10, 2016

Beta cells within single human islets originate from multiple progenitors.

Raphaël Scharfmann1, Xiangwei Xiao, Harry Heimberg

  • 1University Paris-Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, Necker Hospital, U845, Paris, France.

Plos One
|October 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human islet formation was studied using a novel experimental model. This research shows that individual human islets develop from multiple progenitor cells, offering new insights into pancreatic development.

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Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Stem cell biology

Background:

  • Glucose homeostasis relies on human islets of Langerhans, but their development is poorly understood.
  • Rodent models dominate research, limiting insights into human pancreatic development.
  • Existing methods restrict studies to histological analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an experimental model for gene transfer into developing human pancreatic cells.
  • To analyze the clonality of developing human islets.
  • To investigate human islet formation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo organogenesis of human fetal pancreatic tissue.
  • Cell type-specific lentivirus-mediated gene transfer.
  • Grafting of transduced progenitors into immunodeficient mice.

Main Results:

  • Successful differentiation of human beta cells and islet morphogenesis in grafts.
  • Creation of chimeric grafts with a subpopulation of GFP-expressing beta cells.
  • Detection of both GFP-positive and GFP-negative beta cells within single islets.

Conclusions:

  • Human islets develop from multiple progenitor cells, confirmed by dynamic analysis.
  • This study provides the first dynamic analysis of human islet formation.
  • The developed model serves as a tool for studying human tissue formation.