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Sampling Soils in a Heterogeneous Research Plot
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A proposed sampling constant for use in geochemical analysis.

C O Ingamells1, P Switzer

  • 1Climax Molybdenum Company, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA.

Talanta
|June 1, 1973
PubMed
Summary

Subsampling errors in geological analysis, particularly for trace elements, can lead to inaccurate results. Using sampling constants helps control these errors and improve the reliability of elemental determinations in rock and mineral samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Geological Sciences

Background:

  • Elemental determination in geological samples is subject to various error sources.
  • Subsampling errors arise from the heterogeneous distribution of trace constituents within mineral grains.
  • Sample weight significantly impacts the representativeness of the analyzed portion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the relationship between sample weight and analytical error in geological materials.
  • To introduce and explain the concept and application of sampling constants.
  • To highlight the potential for high precision to mask significant analytical inaccuracies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of error components in elemental determination.
  • Estimation of sampling constants through repetitive analysis and physical sample characterization.
  • Application of sampling constants in the development of reference materials.

Main Results:

  • Analytical error is influenced by analytical precision, sample weight, and sample heterogeneity.
  • Decreasing sample weight increases the probability of subsampling errors for trace elements.
  • Sampling constants provide a method to quantify and control subsampling variability.
  • High precision in analytical results does not guarantee accuracy and can indicate gross errors.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate elemental analysis of geological samples requires careful consideration of subsampling errors.
  • Sampling constants are crucial for improving the reliability of trace element determinations.
  • Reference materials and standards benefit from the application of sampling constants for accurate certification.