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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...

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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy

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Total systematic error in redox titrations with visual indicators--II. Experimental verification.

A Hulanicki¹, S Głab

¹Institute of Fundamental Problems in Chemistry, University, Warsaw, Poland.

|August 1, 1976

Summary

Experimental verification confirmed equations for redox indicator transition potential and titration error. Results showed good agreement for reversible indicators, with ferroin exhibiting concentration-dependent behavior.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Electrochemistry

Background:

Accurate calculation of redox indicator transition potentials is crucial for precise titration endpoint determination.
Understanding indicator behavior, especially concentration-dependent effects, is essential for minimizing titration errors.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally validate theoretical equations for redox indicator transition potential and total titration error.
To investigate the behavior of different redox indicators, including reversible and pseudoreversible types, under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

Experimental verification of established equations using a range of redox indicators.
Comparative analysis of calculated versus observed titration errors for different indicator classes.

Main Results:

Good experimental agreement was achieved for reversible indicators like Variamine Blue, 4-methyl-4'-aminodiphenylamine, and ferroin.
Ferroin demonstrated a shift from one-colour to two-colour indicator behavior at higher concentrations.
Calculated errors for diphenylaminosulphonic acid (a pseudoreversible indicator) represented minimum error, with real-world errors being more positive.

Conclusions:

The validated equations provide reliable predictions for redox indicator transition potentials and titration errors.
Indicator concentration significantly influences the behavior and accuracy of ferroin in titrations.
Pseudoreversible indicators may exhibit higher errors than theoretically predicted under practical conditions.