Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base

Titration of a polyprotic acid, which contains multiple ionizable protons, involves distinct dissociation steps, each with its own dissociation constant (Ka). Each successive Ka is weaker than the previous one. In the titration of a polyprotic acid like sulfurous acid with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, the base first neutralizes the initial ionizable proton, forming an intermediate species (e.g., hydrogen sulfite ions). This step's titration curve resembles that of a weak monoprotic...
Titration of a Polyprotic Acid02:08

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process. If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base01:30

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base

In titrating a weak acid with a strong base, different calculation methods are applied at various stages. Initially, the pH of a weak acid like acetic acid is calculated using its dissociation constant (Ka) and an ICE table. Upon addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, a buffer forms, and its pH is determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As more base is added and the titration reaches the halfway point, the pH becomes equal to the pKa of the acid, indicating equal...
Buffers02:56

Buffers

A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acceleration of Positive Muons by a Radio-Frequency Cavity.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Sympathetic cooling of positrons to cryogenic temperatures for antihydrogen production.

Nature communications·2021
Same author

Laser cooling of antihydrogen atoms.

Nature·2021
Same author

COVID-19-Related Laboratory Analyte Changes and the Relationship Between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV, TB, and HbA1c in South Africa.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2021
Same author

Observation of the 1S-2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen.

Nature·2018
Same author

Characterization of the 1S-2S transition in antihydrogen.

Nature·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides
11:00

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides

Published on: June 24, 2013

A simple expression for the buffer index of a weak polyprotic acid.

R Hesse1, A Olin

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, University of Uppsala, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.

Talanta
|February 1, 1977
PubMed
Summary

Researchers derived a simple buffer index expression for weak polyprotic acids. This finding simplifies calculations for solutions involving these important chemical compounds.

Area of Science:

  • * Chemistry
  • * Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • * Understanding buffer solutions is crucial in various scientific disciplines.
  • * Polyprotic acids, with multiple dissociation steps, present unique buffering challenges.
  • * Existing methods for calculating buffer indices can be complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To derive a simplified mathematical expression for the buffer index.
  • * To provide a more accessible method for analyzing weak polyprotic acid solutions.
  • * To enhance the understanding of buffering capacity in complex acid-base systems.

Main Methods:

  • * Theoretical derivation of a buffer index formula.
  • * Application of the derived expression to weak polyprotic acid systems.
  • * Mathematical simplification and validation of the expression.

More Related Videos

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

Au-Interaction of Slp1 Polymers and Monolayer from Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-B53 - QCM-D, ICP-MS and AFM as Tools for Biomolecule-metal Studies
08:29

Au-Interaction of Slp1 Polymers and Monolayer from Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-B53 - QCM-D, ICP-MS and AFM as Tools for Biomolecule-metal Studies

Published on: January 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides
11:00

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides

Published on: June 24, 2013

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

Au-Interaction of Slp1 Polymers and Monolayer from Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-B53 - QCM-D, ICP-MS and AFM as Tools for Biomolecule-metal Studies
08:29

Au-Interaction of Slp1 Polymers and Monolayer from Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-B53 - QCM-D, ICP-MS and AFM as Tools for Biomolecule-metal Studies

Published on: January 19, 2016

Main Results:

  • * A straightforward expression for the buffer index was successfully derived.
  • * The new expression offers a simpler approach compared to existing methods.
  • * The derived formula accurately represents the buffer index for weak polyprotic acids.

Conclusions:

  • * The derived expression provides a valuable tool for chemists and engineers.
  • * This simplification facilitates the study and application of polyprotic acid buffers.
  • * The research contributes to the fundamental understanding of acid-base equilibria.