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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Overview00:39

Complexometric Titration: Overview

Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free indicator. The...
EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration01:23

EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration

Unlike direct titration, back-titration, and displacement titration, indirect titration is an EDTA titration method for quantifying anions. In the indirect titration method, anions are precipitated as their insoluble salts with excess metal ions. The filtrate containing the excess metal ions is directly titrated with standard EDTA until the endpoint is achieved. Another approach involves extracting the metal ion and back-titrating with standard EDTA to obtain the endpoint. In this way, the...
Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis01:21

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
Precipitation Titration: Overview01:26

Precipitation Titration: Overview

Precipitation titration involves the reaction of a titrant and an analyte to generate an insoluble precipitate. While precipitation titration uses various precipitating agents, silver nitrate is the most common precipitating reagent; titrations involving Ag+ are called argentometric titrations. Usually, the endpoint in a precipitation titration can be detected by visual indicators.
A precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of the titrant or analyte upon adding the...
EDTA: Direct, Back-, and Displacement Titration01:30

EDTA: Direct, Back-, and Displacement Titration

The EDTA titration types for metal ion analysis include direct titration, back-titration, and replacement titration.
Direct titration involves buffering the metal ion solution to the desired pH and directly titrating with standard EDTA until the endpoint. The optimum pH ensures a large conditional formation constant of metal−EDTA and visibility of the free indicator color in the solution. In addition, auxiliary complexing reagents are used to prevent the precipitation of metal hydroxides and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

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Amperometric complex-formation titrations with a dropping indium amalgam electrode in halide medium.

J W Dieker1, W E van der Linden, G den Boef

  • 1Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Talanta
|October 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary

A dropping indium amalgam electrode enables amperometric titrations for metal ion determination, even with high halide concentrations. This method is effective in the presence of up to 4M potassium iodide.

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Area of Science:

  • Electroanalytical Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate determination of metal ions is crucial in various chemical analyses.
  • High halide concentrations can interfere with traditional analytical methods.
  • Amperometric titrations offer a sensitive detection method for metal ions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of a dropping indium amalgam electrode for metal ion determination.
  • To assess the feasibility of amperometric complex-formation titrations in high halide media.
  • To establish the limits of halide concentrations for successful titrations.

Main Methods:

  • Amperometric complex-formation titrations.
  • Normal pulse polarography.
  • Utilizing a dropping indium amalgam electrode.

Main Results:

  • The dropping indium amalgam electrode is applicable for metal ion determination.
  • Titrations are feasible in the presence of significant halide concentrations.
  • Successful titrations were demonstrated with up to 4M potassium iodide, 1M potassium bromide, and 1M potassium chloride.

Conclusions:

  • The dropping indium amalgam electrode is a robust tool for metal ion analysis.
  • This method overcomes interference from high halide concentrations.
  • The technique provides a reliable approach for quantitative analysis in complex matrices.