Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026
09:58
Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts
Published on: February 24, 2015
New titrants for perchlorate and fluoroborate
1Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550, U.S.A.
Talanta
|April 1, 1980
Summary
New, cost-effective titrants, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CETAC) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), offer precise precipitation titration for perchlorate and fluoroborate analysis, outperforming traditional methods.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
Background:
- Precipitation titration is a common method for determining anions like perchlorate and fluoroborate.
- Traditional titrants, such as tetraphenylarsonium chloride, can be expensive.
- There is a need for more cost-effective and precise titration methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate three new quaternary ammonium compounds as titrants for perchlorate and fluoroborate precipitation titrations.
- To compare the precision and effectiveness of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CETAC), and benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BDTAC).
Main Methods:
- Precipitation titrations were performed for perchlorate and fluoroborate.
- Titrations were monitored using a fluoroborate ion-selective electrode (ISE) and a double-junction reference electrode.
- Perchlorate and nitrate ISEs were also assessed for monitoring electromotive force (emf).
Main Results:
- CETAC demonstrated the highest precision and largest potentiometric break for perchlorate titration, followed closely by CPC.
- BDTAC showed significantly lower precision and smaller breaks.
- CETAC also yielded the highest precision and largest potentiometric break for fluoroborate determination.
- The new titrants (CETAC and CPC) are more economical than tetraphenylarsonium chloride.
Conclusions:
- CETAC and CPC are effective and precise titrants for the precipitation titration of perchlorate and fluoroborate.
- These titrants offer a more cost-effective alternative to existing methods.
- The use of ISEs is suitable for monitoring these titrations.
Related Concept Videos
01:13Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
03:01Halogens
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
03:07Electron Affinity
The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
00:49Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
02:28Electrophiles
This lesson explains the definition, classification, and characteristic features of an electrophile that are key features of nucleophilic substitution reactions. An analysis of their charge and orbital picture helps understand their reactivity for seeking electrons. Electrophiles can be classified into positive and neutral species. Other classes include free radicals and polar functional groups.
While a positive electrophile, like a proton, reacts due to its vacant, low-energy 1s orbital, the...
While a positive electrophile, like a proton, reacts due to its vacant, low-energy 1s orbital, the...
02:48Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.