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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO₂

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...

Precipitation Titration: Overview

Precipitation Titration: Overview

Precipitation titration involves the reaction of a titrant and an analyte to generate an insoluble precipitate. While precipitation titration uses various precipitating agents, silver nitrate is the most common precipitating reagent; titrations involving Ag+ are called argentometric titrations. Usually, the endpoint in a precipitation titration can be detected by visual indicators.
A precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of the titrant or analyte upon adding the...

Polyprotic Acids

Polyprotic Acids

Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:

EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration

EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration

Unlike direct titration, back-titration, and displacement titration, indirect titration is an EDTA titration method for quantifying anions. In the indirect titration method, anions are precipitated as their insoluble salts with excess metal ions. The filtrate containing the excess metal ions is directly titrated with standard EDTA until the endpoint is achieved. Another approach involves extracting the metal ion and back-titrating with standard EDTA to obtain the endpoint. In this way, the...

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Published on: December 25, 2016

Determination of nitrate and nitrite with ascorbic acid.

N Rukmini¹, V S Kavitha, K R Rao

¹Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Waltair-530003, India.

|July 1, 1980

Summary

A new titration method accurately determines nitrate and nitrite using ascorbic acid in strong phosphoric acid. This reliable technique is also effective for analyzing nitrate content in fertilizers.

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry

Background:

Nitrate and nitrite are crucial environmental and agricultural analytes.
Accurate determination is vital for water quality and fertilizer analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a direct titrimetric method for nitrate and nitrite determination.
To validate the method for fertilizer analysis.

Main Methods:

Titration with ascorbic acid in 9-12M phosphoric acid.
Utilized indicators: ferroin, N-phenylanthranilic acid, barium diphenylamine sulphonate, and diphenylbenzidene.

Main Results:

Successful direct determination of nitrate and nitrite.
The method demonstrated applicability for fertilizer nitrate assay.

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Published on: December 25, 2016

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

Conclusions:

A robust and direct titrimetric method for nitrate and nitrite analysis has been established.
The developed method offers a practical approach for fertilizer quality control.