Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Measuring Reaction Rates

Measuring Reaction Rates

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical field in...

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...

Graphs of Polar Equations

Graphs of Polar Equations

The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium constant for a reaction is calculated from the equilibrium concentrations (or pressures) of its reactants and products. If these concentrations are known, the calculation simply involves their substitution into the Kc expression.
For example, gaseous nitrogen dioxide forms dinitrogen tetroxide according to this equation:

Pole and System Stability

Pole and System Stability

The transfer function is a fundamental concept representing the ratio of two polynomials. The numerator and denominator encapsulate the system's dynamics. The zeros and poles of this transfer function are critical in determining the system's behavior and stability.
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's response.

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A computational approach to the spectrophotometric determination of stability constants-II Application to metalloporphyrin-axial ligand interactions in non-aqueous solvents.

Talanta·1983

Same author

The total emulation of the intel 8080 instruction set on a mainframe computer.

Talanta·1982

Same author

A graphical method for extracting rate constants from some enzyme-catalyzed reactions not monitored to completion.

Canadian journal of biochemistry·1978

Same author

Machine computation of equilibrium concentrations-some practical considerations.

Talanta·1977

Same author

A method for the determination of the pKa of alpha-N-benzoyl-L-arginine in the presence of an impurity.

Analytical biochemistry·1976

Same author

metal ion interactions of picoline-2-aldehyde thiosemicarbazone.

Talanta·1975

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

POLAG-a general computer program to calculate stability constants from polarographic data.

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, U.S.A.

|October 1, 1980

Summary

A new computer program, POLAG, calculates chemical stability constants from polarographic data without needing data pretreatment. It fits various equilibrium models to experimental results, demonstrating broad applicability.

More Related Videos

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate

Published on: September 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate

Published on: September 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Polarography is a key electrochemical technique for studying metal complexation.
Accurate determination of stability constants is crucial for understanding chemical equilibria.
Existing methods for stability constant calculation can be complex and require data preprocessing.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a versatile computer program, POLAG, for calculating stability constants from polarographic data.
To eliminate the need for experimental data pretreatment in stability constant calculations.
To accommodate diverse chemical equilibrium models in the analysis.

Main Methods:

Development of a general computer program named POLAG.
Input of raw polarographic data directly into the program.
Fitting of various equilibrium models with the general formula M(m)H(j)(OH)(k)L(n)L'(p) to the data.

Main Results:

POLAG successfully calculates stability constants from polarographic data.
The program requires no pretreatment of experimental data.
POLAG demonstrated versatility by reprocessing data from four independent research groups.
The program can fit complex equilibrium models to the data.

Conclusions:

POLAG offers a user-friendly and efficient method for determining stability constants.
The program's ability to handle diverse models and raw data enhances its utility in chemical research.
POLAG represents a significant advancement in the computational analysis of polarographic data.