Voltage Doubler Circuit
Indirect Motor Pathways
Electro-mechanical Systems
PID Controller
PD Controller: Design
PI Controller: Design
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
Published on: October 14, 2017
1Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, U.S.A.
A simple stepper motor and drive circuit was constructed from commercial components for monochromator wavelength scanning. This system allows for controlled scan rate and direction using either a timer or a microcomputer.
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