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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients01:14

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an organic...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
The Equilibrium Constant03:10

The Equilibrium Constant

Consider the oxidation of sulfur dioxide:
Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant01:20

Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant

The effect of an inert salt on the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is known as the salt effect. The degree of the salt effect varies with the ionic strength of the solution, which in turn depends on the activity of the species in the solution. The activity is expressed as the product of concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
To calculate the equilibrium constants of solutions of moderately high ionic strength, one must account for the salt effect. This redefined...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Diffusion coefficients and complex equilibria in solution-II Approximate evaluation of formation constants.

D R Crow1

  • 1Department of Physical Sciences, The Polytechnic, Wolverhampton, England.

Talanta
|September 1, 1982
PubMed
Summary

Formation constants for chemical complexes can be accurately estimated using pseudo-formation curves derived from Deltai(d) log [X] data pairs. This method offers a reliable preliminary assessment before more precise diffusion coefficient analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate determination of formation constants is crucial for understanding complex stability.
  • Previous methods for analyzing complex formation data can be complex and time-consuming.
  • The pseudo-formation curve offers a potentially simpler approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of pseudo-formation curves for assessing formation constant values.
  • To compare the accuracy of this method with more complex analyses.
  • To demonstrate the applicability across systems with varying complex stabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing data pairs of Deltai(d) and log [X] to construct pseudo-formation curves.
  • Analyzing four distinct chemical systems with complexes of differing stabilities.
  • Comparing results with established methods involving mean diffusion coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Pseudo-formation curves provide a fair assessment of formation constant values.
  • The method is effective for systems with a wide range of complex stabilities.
  • This approach serves as a valuable preliminary step for precise analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Pseudo-formation curves are a practical tool for estimating formation constants.
  • The method simplifies the initial assessment of complex stability.
  • It complements existing, more detailed analytical techniques.