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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
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Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
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For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:

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Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode
08:41

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Published on: August 5, 2015

Liquid-state membrane electrode sensitive to bismuth(III).

W Szczepaniak1, M Ren

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 60-780 Poznań, ul. Grunwaldzka 6, Poland.

Talanta
|December 1, 1983
PubMed
Summary

A novel liquid ion-exchange electrode selectively detects bismuth ions (Bi3+). This bismuth electrode demonstrates excellent sensitivity and minimal interference, enabling accurate determination of bismuth acetate dissociation constants.

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Multi-analyte Biochip (MAB) Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes (ASSISE) for Physiological Research

Published on: April 18, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Bismuth(III) ion detection is crucial in various chemical and environmental analyses.
  • Development of selective and sensitive ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is an ongoing area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a new liquid ion-exchange electrode for the selective determination of bismuth(III) ions.
  • To evaluate the electrode's performance characteristics, including sensitivity, selectivity, and operational range.
  • To utilize the developed electrode for determining the dissociation constant of bismuth acetate.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a liquid ion-exchange electrode using a tetrachloroethane solution of a bismuth(III) complex with 5-mercapto-3-(naphthyl-1)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thione.
  • Electrochemical measurements to establish calibration graphs (electrode potential vs. concentration).
  • Potentiometric analysis in ammonium acetate buffer at pH 4.0 to assess selectivity and interference from other cations.
  • Determination of the dissociation constant of bismuth acetate using the developed electrode.

Main Results:

  • The electrode exhibits sensitivity to Bi(3+) ions.
  • A linear calibration graph with a slope of 18.7 mV pBi was obtained in the pBi range of 6.5–9.5.
  • The electrode showed no interference from common bivalent cations and Al(III), Fe(III), and Th(IV) (selectivity coefficients < 10^-5).
  • The dissociation constant of bismuth acetate was successfully determined using the electrode.

Conclusions:

  • A selective and sensitive liquid ion-exchange electrode for Bi(3+) has been successfully developed.
  • The electrode's performance is suitable for accurate potentiometric determination of bismuth ions in the specified range.
  • The electrode provides a reliable tool for studying metal-ligand complexation, as demonstrated by the determination of bismuth acetate dissociation constant.