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Related Concept Videos

Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Complexometric Titration: Overview00:39

Complexometric Titration: Overview

Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free indicator. The...
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
13:35

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

Published on: March 1, 2018

Pyrocatecholsulphonphthalein complexan as an analytical reagent.

R Q Yu1, Z Q Zhang, Z H Zhang

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.

Talanta
|December 1, 1984
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new reagent, Pyrocatecholsulphonphthalein complexan (PSC), was synthesized and shows enhanced sensitivity for detecting bismuth. This chromogenic reagent offers improved performance over existing methods for metal ion analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Pyrocatechol Violet (PV) and Xylenol Orange (XO) are established chromogenic reagents.
  • There is a continuous need for more sensitive reagents in spectrophotometric analysis.
  • Mannich condensation is a versatile synthetic route for complex organic molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel complexan reagent, Pyrocatecholsulphonphthalein complexan (PSC).
  • To investigate the acid dissociation equilibria of PSC.
  • To evaluate PSC as a chromogenic reagent for metal ion detection, particularly bismuth.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PSC via Mannich condensation using Pyrocatechol Violet, iminodiacetic acid, and formaldehyde.
  • Potentiometric studies to determine acid dissociation equilibria.
  • Spectrophotometric analysis of metal ion-PSC complexes.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of Pyrocatecholsulphonphthalein complexan (PSC).
  • PSC exhibits acid dissociation equilibria characteristics.
  • PSC demonstrates slightly superior sensitivity compared to Xylenol Orange (XO) and Pyrocatechol Violet (PV) for bismuth detection.
  • Spectrophotometric properties of various metal ion-PSC complexes were characterized.

Conclusions:

  • Pyrocatecholsulphonphthalein complexan (PSC) is a novel, synthesized reagent with potential analytical applications.
  • PSC offers enhanced sensitivity for bismuth determination, surpassing PV and XO.
  • The study provides foundational data on PSC's properties and its metal complexes for future analytical method development.