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Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...

Types of Reversible Electrodes

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...

Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview

Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview

Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
To test the completeness of the...

Electrodes: Overview

Electrodes: Overview

Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in the...

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

Published on: June 21, 2017

An inexpensive and robust conductance electrode.

J P Lorimer¹, K Jagit, T J Mason

¹Department of Applied Chemistry, Coventry (Lanchester) Polytechnic, Priory Street, Coventry, England.

|March 1, 1985

Summary

A novel carbon pultrusion electrode offers a robust and affordable alternative to traditional platinum-on-glass electrodes. This cost-effective design shows promise for Karl Fischer analyses, especially with biological samples requiring maceration.

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Fabrication of Amperometric Electrodes

Fabrication of Amperometric Electrodes

Published on: May 4, 2009

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

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Published on: June 21, 2017

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

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Published on: June 30, 2019

Fabrication of Amperometric Electrodes

Fabrication of Amperometric Electrodes

Published on: May 4, 2009

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Traditional platinum-on-glass conductance electrodes are widely used in analytical chemistry.
These electrodes can be fragile and expensive, limiting their application in certain scenarios.
Karl Fischer titration is a crucial method for water content determination, particularly in biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and characterize a new conductance electrode utilizing carbon pultrusion embedded in PTFE.
To compare the performance of the novel electrode with traditional platinum-on-glass electrodes.
To evaluate the suitability of the new electrode for Karl Fischer analyses of biological materials.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a novel conductance electrode using carbon pultrusion rod embedded in PTFE.
Electrochemical characterization of the new electrode.
Comparative analysis of electrode characteristics against platinum-on-glass electrodes.
Testing the electrode's performance in Karl Fischer titration of biological samples.

Main Results:

The carbon pultrusion electrode demonstrated comparable characteristics to the traditional platinum-on-glass electrode.
The new electrode exhibited enhanced robustness.
The cost of the new electrode was found to be significantly lower.
The electrode proved effective in Karl Fischer analyses involving sample maceration.

Conclusions:

The carbon pultrusion-based conductance electrode presents a viable, cost-effective, and robust alternative to conventional designs.
Its durability makes it particularly suitable for challenging sample matrices, such as those encountered in biological analyses requiring maceration.
This innovation has the potential to broaden the applicability of Karl Fischer titration in various fields.