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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis01:21

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Redox Titration: Overview01:21

Redox Titration: Overview

Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
Redox Titration: Iodimetry and Iodometry01:23

Redox Titration: Iodimetry and Iodometry

Iodometry and iodimetry are analytical methods used to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents using iodine. In iodometric titrations, the oxidizing analyte solution is usually acidified and treated with an excess of iodide ions, which generates an equivalent amount of iodine in equilibrium with triiodide. The released iodine is subsequently titrated directly against a standardized reducing agent. As the dilute iodine color becomes pale yellow, a few drops of freshly...

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Difficulties with the chloramine-T-Phenol Red method for bromide determination.

D R Jones1

  • 1CSIRO Division of Coal Technology, PO Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.

Talanta
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing the chloramine-T-Phenol Red method significantly improves bromide determination. Adjusting the reagent ratio to 1.5 resolves precision issues and eliminates interferences from chloride and ammonia.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Photometry
  • Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • The chloramine-T-Phenol Red method is a potentially sensitive photometric technique for bromide determination.
  • Previous applications reported poor precision and high reagent blanks, hindering reliable bromide analysis.
  • High ratios of chloramine-T to Phenol Red (in excess of 4) were linked to reproducibility issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of the chloramine-T-Phenol Red procedure for bromide determination.
  • To identify the cause of poor precision and high reagent blanks in the existing method.
  • To develop a robust and precise photometric method for bromide analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the effect of the chloramine-T to Phenol Red reagent ratio on method performance.
  • Systematically varied the reagent ratio to identify optimal conditions for bromide determination.
  • Evaluated method precision, reagent blanks, and interferences under modified conditions.

Main Results:

  • A reagent ratio of 1.5 for chloramine-T to Phenol Red successfully overcame precision and reproducibility issues.
  • The optimized method demonstrated excellent precision for bromide determination.
  • Strong interferences previously observed from chloride and ammonia were effectively eliminated.

Conclusions:

  • The chloramine-T-Phenol Red method, when optimized with a reagent ratio of 1.5, provides a robust and precise photometric assay for bromide.
  • This optimized procedure eliminates significant interferences, enhancing its applicability in complex matrices.
  • The findings present a refined analytical approach for accurate bromide quantification.