Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Use of Crystal Violet to Improve Visual Cytopathic Effect-based Reading for Viral Titration using TCID50 Assays
Published on: February 12, 2022
Characterization and analytical application of the ion-association complex crystal violet-cadmium bromopyrogallol red
1Department of Chemistry, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
In the presence of polyvinylalcohol (PVA-124) and polyethylene glycol monooctylphenyl ether (emulsifier OP), cadmium ions(II) can form a colour ion-association complex with both Bromopyrogallol Red (BPR) and Crystal Violet (CV). In the NH(3)NH(4)Cl medium, the ion-association complex has a composition of Cd:BPR:CV = 1:1:2, and its corresponding molecular formula is [CV](2)[Cd(BPR)]. The maximum absorption of the colour complex is located at 654 nm with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.79 x 10(5) l.mole(-1).cm(-1). Beer's law is obeyed for cadmium over the range 0-10 mug/25 ml. A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for trace cadmium in water and zinc was developed with good precision and accuracy. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Fixation and Sectioning
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
Differential Staining Technique
Simple Staining Technique
Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Special Staining Techniques
Complexometric Titration: Overview

