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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS
14:58

Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS

Published on: February 17, 2018

A modified standard addition method in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

M Andersson1, A Olin

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 531, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.

Talanta
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

A modified standard addition method enhances X-ray fluorescence spectrometry accuracy. This technique stabilizes sample attenuation, ensuring linear calibration curves for precise elemental analysis in complex matrices like fly ash and cement.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Standard addition methods are crucial for accurate elemental analysis, especially in complex matrices.
  • Non-linearity in calibration curves can arise from matrix effects, complicating quantification.
  • X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a powerful technique for elemental determination but can be affected by matrix variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a modified standard addition method for single element determination using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
  • To address non-linearity issues in standard addition curves caused by matrix effects.
  • To improve the accuracy and reliability of XRF analysis for challenging samples.

Main Methods:

  • A modified standard addition method was developed, incorporating an attenuation modifier to maintain constant attenuation properties in samples.
  • Decreasing amounts of modifier were added with increasing amounts of standard to achieve linear calibration curves.
  • The method was tested using various matrices (cellulose powder, Al2O3/polyethylene) and applied to determine zinc in fly ash and iron in cement.

Main Results:

  • The modified method produced linear standard addition curves, enabling accurate quantification via linear regression, even when the ordinary method yielded non-linear results.
  • Analysis of zinc in fly ash and iron in cement showed good agreement with results obtained by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES).
  • Relative agreement was within 2% for fly ash and 3-6% for cement samples, demonstrating the method's efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The modified standard addition method effectively overcomes matrix-induced non-linearity in XRF analysis.
  • This technique provides a reliable and accurate approach for single element determination in complex industrial samples.
  • The method offers a valuable alternative for elemental quantification where traditional methods may be less accurate.