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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

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In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
Carrier Transport01:21

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The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Analyte Adsorption and Distribution01:09

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution

In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and solvents...
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Diffusion

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Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports
05:58

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Published on: June 12, 2018

Convective transport in diffusive samplers.

D W Underhill1

  • 1School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, U.S.A.

Talanta
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Convective transport significantly impacts diffusive sampler performance. Commercial diffusive samplers show vast differences in how convection affects analyte transport into the device.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Diffusive samplers are widely used for environmental monitoring.
  • Understanding analyte transport mechanisms is crucial for accurate sampling.
  • Convective transport can potentially interfere with passive diffusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the influence of convective transport on diffusive sampler performance.
  • To compare the susceptibility of different commercial diffusive samplers to convection.

Main Methods:

  • A dye loss method was employed to simulate analyte transport.
  • Water bath experiments mimicked airborne analyte exposure using controlled Reynolds numbers.
  • Numerical analysis was used to estimate convection's interference.

Main Results:

  • Convective transport was found to significantly affect sampler performance.
  • A substantial variation in the impact of convection was observed among commercial diffusive samplers.
  • The degree of interference varied enormously between different sampler designs.

Conclusions:

  • Convection is a critical factor influencing the accuracy of diffusive samplers.
  • Sampler design critically determines the extent of convective interference.
  • Careful consideration of convective effects is necessary when selecting and using diffusive samplers.