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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I01:24

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I

Polymerization produces macromolecules with a range of chain lengths due to the random nature of molecular growth processes. As chains form and terminate at different stages, a single polymer sample contains molecules of varying sizes rather than a uniform structure. This variability is described using average molar masses and distribution-related parameters, which together provide a comprehensive understanding of polymer characteristics.The distribution of molar masses plays a critical role in...
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkane Fragmentation01:05

Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkane Fragmentation

In mass spectrometry, cycloalkanes exhibit distinct fragmentation patterns due to the inherent stability of their molecular ions compared to linear or branched alkanes. The ring structure of cycloalkanes provides additional stability to the molecular ions, often resulting in prominent ion peaks in the mass spectrum.
For example, cyclohexane molecular ions have a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 84, which tends to produce a stronger signal than linear alkanes like hexane. This stability comes from...
Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry
06:56

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 10, 2018

Structural characterization and sequence distributions of polysiloxanes using pyrolysis MS/MS.

A Ranasinghe1, L Lu, T K Majumdar

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, U.S.A.

Talanta
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Novel polysiloxanes with unique pyridine substituents were analyzed using pyrolysis tandem mass spectrometry. These polymers exhibit specific fragmentation patterns and non-random monomer distribution in copolymers, revealing insights into their structure and thermal behavior.

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MALDI-ToF MS Method for the Characterization of Synthetic Polymers with Varying Dispersity and End Groups
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MALDI-ToF MS Method for the Characterization of Synthetic Polymers with Varying Dispersity and End Groups

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Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry
06:56

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 10, 2018

MALDI-ToF MS Method for the Characterization of Synthetic Polymers with Varying Dispersity and End Groups
06:16

MALDI-ToF MS Method for the Characterization of Synthetic Polymers with Varying Dispersity and End Groups

Published on: October 3, 2025

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polysiloxanes are versatile polymers with diverse applications.
  • Understanding their thermal degradation and copolymer structure is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize novel polysiloxanes containing 4-(dialkylamino)pyridine substituents.
  • To elucidate the fragmentation mechanisms and sequence distribution of siloxane copolymers.

Main Methods:

  • Pyrolysis tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using desorption electron ionization (DEI) and desorption chemical ionization (DCI).
  • Low-energy collision-activated dissociation for analyzing cyclic oligomeric ions.
  • Markovian statistical calculations for sequence distribution analysis.

Main Results:

  • Polysiloxanes formed abundant cyclic oligomeric ions under DEI and DCI.
  • Characteristic fragmentations of protonated cyclic oligomers were identified.
  • Proton affinities of cyclic oligomers exceeded 1000 kJ/mole.
  • Monomers in siloxane copolymers exhibited non-random distribution.

Conclusions:

  • Thermal depolymerization likely proceeds via an intramolecular siloxane bond rearrangement (loop mechanism).
  • Tandem mass spectrometry and Markovian analysis are effective for characterizing polysiloxane structure and sequence distribution.