An efficient quantitative technique for the simultaneous analyses of radon daughters (210)Pb, (210)Bi and (210)Po

An improved and time efficient technique has been developed for quantitative determination of the long-lived (222)Rn daughters ((210)Pb, (210)Po and (210)Bi) in atmospheric and oceanic samples. The sample is first spiked with yield tracers for polonium (208 or 209), bismuth (207), and lead (stable lead carrier). These nuclides may then be scavenged through iron hydroxide precipitation and redissolved in a dilute (pH approximately 2) nitric acid plating medium with citrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride at 90 degrees centrigrade with constant stirring. First a silver planchet is suspended in the solution which plates polonium to high efficiency. Second, a nickel planchet is suspended in the same solution which is maintained hermetic (e.g. bubbling with helium) and bismuth is plated next with high efficiency. Third, lead is purified from the same solution using anion exchange techniques and isolated for beta counting as the sulfate. Polonium is analyzed by isotope dilution alpha spectrometry. Bismuth and lead are analyzed by anti-coincident beta counting in a low level shield. In the case of bismuth, the 207 tracer is added in quantities at least comparable to the background of the beta system such that counting before and after the decay of (210)Bi gives the bismuth yield. The unique characteristics of this technique are its speed and efficiency; all three radon daughters can be isolated for counting within 4 hr of pre-treating the sample. The remaining solution can be treated subsequently for other analyses as appropriate.