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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Electrodes: Overview01:17

Electrodes: Overview

Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
09:18

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Published on: May 3, 2015

Nitrite-selective microelectrodes.

U Schaller1, E Bakker, U E Spichiger

  • 1Department of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Talanta
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New nitrite-selective microelectrodes were developed using a synthetic charged ionophore. These microelectrodes offer improved performance and lifetime, crucial for electrochemical sensing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Electroanalytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Sensors

Background:

  • Nitrite detection is critical in various environmental and biological applications.
  • Development of selective and sensitive electrochemical sensors is an ongoing challenge.
  • Liquid membrane electrodes offer potential for ion-selective sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel nitrite-selective liquid membrane microelectrodes.
  • To investigate the role of specific additives in membrane formulation.
  • To evaluate the performance characteristics of the developed microelectrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of microelectrodes using a synthetic charged ionophore.
  • Incorporation of potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate and poly(vinyl chloride) into the membrane.
  • Electrochemical characterization including EMF response and detection limits.
  • Comparison of microelectrode performance with macroelectrodes.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of nitrite-selective liquid membrane microelectrodes.
  • Addition of potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate and poly(vinyl chloride) enhanced electrode performance and lifetime.
  • Achieved detection limits of 10(-5.1)M and 10(-4.2)M for sodium nitrite without and with a chloride background, respectively.
  • Miniaturization led to a slight reduction in selectivity and EMF response slopes compared to macroelectrodes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed synthetic charged ionophore-based microelectrodes are effective for nitrite sensing.
  • Optimized membrane composition is key to achieving low resistance and extended electrode lifetime.
  • While miniaturization impacts selectivity, the microelectrode format offers advantages for specific applications.