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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in critically...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis01:30

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...

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Use of Enzymatic Biosensors to Quantify Endogenous ATP or H2O2 in the Kidney
10:00

Use of Enzymatic Biosensors to Quantify Endogenous ATP or H2O2 in the Kidney

Published on: October 12, 2015

Urea solid-state biosensor suitable for continuous dialysis control.

S Zamponi1, B Lo Cicero, M Mascini

  • 1Dipartimento de Sanita Pubblica, Epidemiologia e Chimica Analitica Ambientale, Sezione di Chimica Analitica, Via Gino Capponi 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.

Talanta
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel solid-state biosensor effectively monitors urea levels in blood ultrafiltrate during dialysis. Continuous monitoring required a flow injection system to manage electrode potential shifts for accurate urea determination.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biosensors
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Urea determination is crucial for monitoring kidney function, especially during dialysis.
  • Existing methods for urea monitoring can be complex or unsuitable for continuous in-line analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable, solid-state potentiometric biosensor for continuous urea determination.
  • To assess the biosensor's performance in analyzing blood ultrafiltrate during dialysis treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Assembled a nonactin-based ion-selective electrode (ISE) without internal solution, coupled with immobilized urease.
  • Utilized the biosensor for continuous monitoring of urea in blood ultrafiltrate samples.
  • Implemented a flow injection analysis (FIA) system to address electrode potential drift.

Main Results:

  • The developed biosensor demonstrated utility for continuous urea monitoring during dialysis.
  • A significant electrode potential shift was observed during dialysis, attributed to ionophore extraction.
  • The FIA system successfully controlled electrode potential shifts, enabling reliable measurements.

Conclusions:

  • A solid-state potentiometric biosensor coupled with urease is feasible for urea monitoring in dialysis.
  • Electrode stability is a challenge during continuous monitoring in biological fluids.
  • Flow injection analysis is essential for maintaining electrode performance in such applications.